{"id":2689,"date":"2022-08-02T10:57:18","date_gmt":"2022-08-02T13:57:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elcanillita.info\/press\/?p=2689"},"modified":"2022-08-04T18:49:28","modified_gmt":"2022-08-04T21:49:28","slug":"democracia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elcanillita.info\/press\/2022\/08\/02\/democracia\/","title":{"rendered":"Democracia"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"\/<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n


La primera referencia universal del t\u00e9rmino “DEMOCRACIA” se encuentra en los cinco reg\u00edmenes plat\u00f3nicos de gobierno, en orden descendente: aristocracia, timocracia, monarqu\u00eda y democracia, que pueden conducir a la tiran\u00eda, como consecuencia inevitable de un comportamiento demag\u00f3gico ligado a la obtenci\u00f3n de consenso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otro ejemplo es el principio aristot\u00e9lico que distingue tres formas de gobierno puras y tres corruptas: la monarqu\u00eda (gobierno del individuo), la aristocracia -gobierno de los mejores o de la clase privilegiada- y la timocracia -gobierno de los legitimados-, que, seg\u00fan el fil\u00f3sofo, corr\u00edan el peligro de degenerar en despotismo -gobierno sin sujeci\u00f3n a ley alguna-, oligarqu\u00eda -gobierno de una \u00e9lite- y democracia -poder del pueblo-, respectivamente. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta \u00faltima, dirigida por las masas y que en t\u00e9rminos modernos tambi\u00e9n se denomina dictadura de la mayor\u00eda, “cuantitativismo” pol\u00edtico y por tanto, desp\u00f3tico y autoritario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En la antigua Grecia, la palabra democracia se origin\u00f3 como una expresi\u00f3n despectiva utilizada por los opositores al sistema de gobierno de Pericles en Atenas. De hecho, kratos, m\u00e1s que el concepto de gobierno (designado por arch\u00eca) representaba el de “fuerza material”. Por lo tanto, “democracia” significaba, aproximadamente, “dictadura del pueblo” o “de la mayor\u00eda”.

Los partidarios del r\u00e9gimen ateniense utilizaban otros t\u00e9rminos para indicar que la condici\u00f3n de igualdad era necesaria para que un sistema pol\u00edtico funcionara correctamente: “isonom\u00eda” es decir, igualdad de leyes para todos los ciudadanos e “isegor\u00eda”, derecho igualitario de todos los ciudadanos a hablar en la asamblea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A estas formas de igualdad iban unidos los principios de parres\u00eda: libertad de expresi\u00f3n y eleuter\u00eda: libertad en general. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La democracia ateniense se caracterizaba por dos rasgos peculiares: el sorteo de los cargos p\u00fablicos y la asamblea legislativa de democracia directa compuesta por todos los ciudadanos.

<\/p>\n\n\n

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Kleroterion, instrumento utilizado por los atenienses para sortear cargos p\u00fablicos.<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

La concepci\u00f3n moderna de la democracia influenciada por las ideas de Voltaire gravitando en torno de la enciclopedia, las revoluciones del siglo XVIII, en particular la Revoluci\u00f3n Francesa con su lema: “libertad, igualdad y fraternida”. La carta constitucional estadounidense de 1787, la francesa de 1791 centrada en el principio de la separaci\u00f3n de poderes (legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El sufragio universal, la primac\u00eda de la Constituci\u00f3n y la separaci\u00f3n de poderes que son los fundamentos de la democracia representativa, generalizaron la idea de que una democracia tambien debe tener una prensa libre, id\u00f3nea en materia de comunicaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, destacando as\u00ed la existencia de un cuarto poder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sobre \u00e9sta base \u00bfC\u00f3mo es posible que en un pa\u00eds aparentemente democr\u00e1tico como es Argentina, nos encontremos con (salvo excepciones evidentes y bastante raras) una clase pol\u00edtica en gran medida inadecuada, casi siempre incompetente, a menudo corrupta y corruptora? \u00bfNo la hemos preferido nosotros? \u00bfNo somos, por tanto, responsables de ello?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si la clase pol\u00edtica es amoral y corrupta, al fin y al cabo, amoral y corrupta parece ser la sociedad que la ha elegido, entonces es el tejido corrupto de la sociedad civil que debe sanearse en primer lugar, a trav\u00e9s de fuertes testimonios \u00e9ticos (labor de los magistrados, de las fuerzas policiales, de los ense\u00f1antes y de los periodistas, no siempre id\u00f3neos ni facultados en el rol que cumplen). Asi como con procedimientos educativos formativos (escuela y universidad).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solamente en ese marco se “formar\u00e1” la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Copyright \u00a9 2022 ElCanillita.info \u2013 SalaStampa.eu – Ruben M A Guzzo – ODG 59120 – Roma
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Muchas formas de gobierno se han probado y se probar\u00e1n en este mundo de pecado y desdicha. Nadie pretende que la democracia sea perfecta ni omnisciente. De hecho, se ha dicho que la democracia es la peor forma de gobierno, excepto todas las dem\u00e1s formas que se han probado de vez en cuando.” – Winston Churchill<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2693,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[19,47,23],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-2689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura","category-etiologia","category-politica","tag-argentina","entry","double"],"yoast_head":"\nDemocracia - ElCanillita.Info<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"corrupci\u00f3n\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elcanillita.info\/press\/2022\/08\/02\/democracia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Democracia - 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